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Saturday, 6 December 2014

“Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer”

Tonight, Saturday, 6 December, 2014, marks exactly two quarters of a century (or 18,262 days, or 50 years), that the National Broadcasting Company (abbreviated as NBC), an American commercial broadcast television network, aired a Christmas telly special that would later become one of the best Christmas classics, or perhaps the best Christmas classic of all Christmas classics, which also would later lead many telly broadcasts from around the world (mostly broadcasts from the Western World) to air this Christmas classic once or several times during the Christmas and holiday season. This 50-year-old Christmas telly special is “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer”, a stop-motion animation where the crew of this 50-year-old Christmas classic photographed still figures, or puppets, with slight variations in each successive photograph to simulate movement, hence the stop-motion animation.

“Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” DVD (sometimes explained as digital video disc or digital versatile disc) Poster.

“Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” aired on the aforementioned date on the aforementioned American commercial broadcast television network by the then American production Videocraft (then officially known as Videocraft International, Limited, sometimes known as Videocraft International, Ltd.), now known today as Rankin/Bass (officially known as Rankin/Bass Productions, Incorporation, sometimes known as Rankin/Bass Productions, Inc.), and was sponsored by General Electric, or General Electric Company, (abbreviated as GE). Albeit “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” is an American stop-motion animation and production and sponsor, it is actually more of a Japanese-Canadian stop-motion animation than an American one; it was entirely filmed in Japan with all sound recordings done inside the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (abbreviated as CBC) studio in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, due to Toronto had one of, if not, the best English-speaking radio actors and voice actors at that time, which this meant that several Canadians provided voices. In fact, most of the provided voices were Canadian.

Also, albeit tonight marks exactly 50 years that “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” aired on NBC, most of the news media (mostly American and Canadian) claim that the previous night marked 50 years. Be it tonight, or the previous night, this Christmas telly special has become a Christmas classic; it has become a Christmas classic that it has gone down in history as one of the best Christmas classics, or perhaps the best Christmas classic of all Christmas classics, where many telly broadcasts air “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” either once or several times during the Christmas and holiday season, due to “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” looks more three-dimensional, which makes it unique, and also due to the character Rudolph offers up some child psychology, as the stop-motion animation Christmas telly special shows him deciding to run away from home after going though social rejection among his peers.

Unknown and also forgotten by many, “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” had a sequel titled “Rudolph’s Shiny New Year” that aired on Friday, 10 December, 1976, on the American Broadcasting Company (abbreviated as ABC, stylised in the logo as abc, in lower-case letters, since 1962), an American commercial broadcast television network.

“Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” was both created and written by Robert May (born as Robert Lewis May, commonly known as Robert L. May; born on Thursday, 27 July, 1905; died on Tuesday, 10 August, 1976); his story first appeared sometime in 1939 as a booklet for an assignment for the now defunct Montgomery Ward, an American mail-order business, before his story was later owned by The Rudolph Company, L.P. (officially known as The Rudolph Company, Limited Partnership) and is managed and licenced by Character Arts, LLC (officially known as Character Arts, Limited Liability Company, which the LLC is a business structure allowed by state statute). Robert May’s story is about a fictional male reindeer named Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (commonly known as Rudolph and popularly known as “Santa’s 9th Reindeer”, and nicknamed as Red, Rudy, and Rudy the Red nosed Reject) who has an unusual luminous red nose and who gets harassed mercilessly and excluded by his peers because of this luminous red nose; his peers end up liking him and considering him a hero for saving Christmas or Christmas Day (Old English for Crīstesmæsse, meaning “Christ’s Mass”) after he led Santa Claus’ sleigh for the evening of Christmas Eve during a snowstorm after Santa Claus (also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas, Kris Kringle and simply “Santa”) caught sight of his luminous red nose and had asked him to lead his sleigh for the evening to help guide him and his 8 follow reindeers through the snowstorm. Rudolph agrees, of course, and is finally treated better by his fellow reindeer for his heroism.

“Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” Book Cover

As Rudolph leads Santa’s sleigh, Dasher is right behind Rudolph on the right-hand side of Santa’s sleigh; he was the first and leader of Santa’s sleigh before Rudolph was included, but is now the second reindeer; he is the speediest reindeer. Then there is Dancer who is also right behind Rudolph, but on the left-hand side of Santa’s sleigh; she was the second and left leader of Santa’s sleigh before Rudolph was included, but is now the third reindeer; she is the graceful reindeer.

Behind both Dasher and Dancer is Prancer and Vixen. Both reindeers are in the second row of Santa’s sleigh, with the former being the fourth reindeer on the right-hand side of Santa’s sleigh and the latter being the fifth reindeer on the left-hand side of Santa’s sleigh. Both reindeers are the most powerful reindeer, with the latter being the most beautiful of all the reindeers. Before Rudolph was included, the former was the third reindeer and the former was the fourth.

Behind both Dasher and Dancer is Comet and Cupid. Both reindeers are in the third row of Santa’s sleigh, with the former being the sixth reindeer on the right-hand side of Santa’s sleigh and the latter being the seventh reindeer on the left-hand side of Santa’s sleigh. Both reindeers bring something special to children when Santa flies over to their houses, with the former bringing wonder and happiness and the latter bringing love and joy. Before Rudolph was included, the former was the fifth reindeer and the former was the sixth.

Behind both Comet and Cupid is Dunder (also known as Donder, often misspoken as Donner) and Blixem. Both reindeers are in the fourth row of Santa’s sleigh, with the former being the eighth reindeer on the right-hand side of Santa’s sleigh and the latter being the ninth reindeer on the left-hand side of Santa’s sleigh. The former produces something special to the latter, which is brining lighting, due to the former being thunder, hence why the latter being lighting. The latter reindeer is actually a female, despite being frequently portrayed as a male, most notably being portrayed as one in the stop-motion animation of “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” where he is the coach of the reindeer games. Before Rudolph was included, the former was the seventh reindeer and the former was the eighth.

Robert May’s story was made into a song that would quickly become a big hit and that would also become, but much later on, a classic song after the song was released on Thursday, 1 September, 1949, after it was recorded on Monday, 27 June, 1949; it was not until the week of Christmas of 1949 that the song reached number 1 at the Billboard pop singles chart and that sold 2.5 million copies in its first year of the song’s release, which would later eventually sell a total of 25 million copies, and had remained the second best-selling record of all time until the 1980s. The song was titled by the same name of Robert May’s story and was written by Johnny Marks (born on Wednesday, 10 November, 1909; died on Tuesday, 3 September, 1985), who was the brother-in-law of Robert May and who was also a radio producer that wrote several other popular Christmas songs; he decided to adapt his brother-in-laws story into a song, which the song was performed by Gene Autry (born as Orvon Grover Autry; born on Sunday, 29 September, 1907; died on Friday, 2 October, 1998), who was a singing cowboy on the radio, in movies, and on television, that had performed the song together with The Pinafores.

After the release of both the Christmas telly special and the song, “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” turned into a theatrical cartoon short, before turning into comic books and a children’s book, and also before making it into a stop-motion animation Christmas telly special, and then finally before making it as animated feature-length films, and even launching a video game with the same name to as the stop-motion animation Christmas telly special, but with a totally different plot.

The “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” video game was launched on Tuesday, 9 November, 2010, by Red Wagon Games for Nintendo (officially known as Nintendo Company, Limited, commonly known as Nintendo Co., Ltd.) for the home video game console (or simply home console) under Wii and also for the handheld console under Nintendo DS (officially known as Nintendo Developer’s Screen, also known as Nintendo Dual Screen). Albeit the video game was released by Red Wagon Games, both versions of the game came from three different developers: The home console version was developed by High Voltage Software (abbreviated as HVS, also known as High Voltage), whilst the handheld console version was developed by Glyphic Entertainment, and whilst DreamWorks Classics, formerly known as Classic Media, developed both video games as it currently holds video prints of “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer”.

“Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” Wii Cover

“Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” Nintendo DS Cover

The plot of the “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” video game was for the player(s), to compete in four different mini-games (also spelled minigame or mini game and sometimes called a subgame): Holiday Helper, Toy Maker, Cookie Cooking, and Saving Christmas. Each mini-game lasts approximately a minute and a half, brining the total to completing the game to eight minutes (the completion of the game can take approximately ten minutes, as it can take a bit more than a minute and a half to complete each mini-game), making it one of the shortest games in gaming history and quite possibly the shortest game in Nintendo’s history.

The “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” video game received generally negative reviews, especially highly negative reviews by video game critic Kristine Steimer of Imagine Game’s Network (abbreviated as IGN), who had written her review on Monday, 15 December, 2010, where she gave the presentation of the game a 6, the graphics a 4, the gameplay a 1, and the lasting appeal a 0.50, which brings the total rating to a 1.50 out of 10. Kristine Steimer even went on to write in her review about the video game by advising both gamers and parents to “Just avoid it and save yourself the trouble.”, despite the video game had come from a stop-motion animation Christmas classic telly special.

Sunday, 9 November 2014

Berlin Wall

This evening marks a quarter of a century (9, 131 days or 25 years) that the Berliner Mauer (German for Berlin Wall) , officially known in East Germany as the Antifaschistischer Schutzwall (German for the Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart) and in West Germany as the Schandmauer (German for the Wall of Shame), was torn down at 17:17 and also at 20:00 Central European Time, on Thursday, 9 November, 1989; it was not until by Wednesday, 1 August, 1990, that every road that was severed by the Berlin Wall (that links from West Berlin to East Berlin) was reconstructed and reopened by the East German military after they had dismantled the wall beginning on Bernauer Straße, a Berlin street situated around most of the central borough of the Mitte district of Berlin.

The fall of the Berlin Wall was an historic evening not for both East Germany (then-officially known as the German Democratic Republic, abbreviated as GDR, now officially known as the Federal Republic of German, abbreviated as FRG, commonly known as Germany) and West Germany (officially known, and still officially known, as the Federal Republic of Germany, abbreviated as FRG), but also for the entire world, as the fall of the wall changed the face both communism and politics.

Right, When one thinks of Berlin, therer is no grater symbol than Brandenburger Tor (German for Brandenburger Gate); it is hard to imagine that a quarter of a century ago, not that long when one thinks about it, that the Brandenburg Gate was where the Berlin Wall once stood; it was also where the then-President of the Untied States of America, the late Ronald Reagan (commonly known as Ronald Reagan; born on Monday, 6 February, 1911; died on Saturday, 5 June, 2004), who was in Berlin commemorating the 750th anniversary of Berlin, had made an historic speech about the Berlin Wall by saying these exact words:

We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace. There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace. General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization, come here to this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!

The Brandenburg Gate was also where East and West Germany were separated. When one looks back at the photos, one sees that it was a no-man’s land. Nonetheless, lots more people are out today. The Deutsche Wiedervereinigung (German for German Reunification) has cost Germany considerably, according to various estimates, 3 trillion dollars, and that many German citizens are still paying for it still to this day. Right. Many people ask where does the money go towards?

The answer to that question claims that the money largely brings East Germany to different standards. By getting rid of the old apartment blocks, by getting rid of the old industry, and by trying to bring it up to a modern age. It continues to be costly, as many German citizens are paying 5.50 percent of their income tax still to this day to help subsidise the erstwhile East Germany. Of course, this is just one of many spots that one sees a huge rejuvenation in the city of Berlin.

It is also estimated that the erstwhile East Germany had always had a lower life expectancy than West Germany during the Berlin Wall era, but that the former is now on par with the latter since the fall of the Berlin Wall, and that the unemployment rate in the former, albeit still higher than the latter, is at its lowest level since the 1990s.

The gross domestice product (abbreviated as GDP) in East Germany is the same today (2014) as it was 10 years ago. 10 years ago, it was 70 percent to that of West Germany. Gert Georg Wagner (commonly known as Gert Wagner, or even as Gert G. Wagner; born on Monday, 5 January, 1953), a German economist, argues that the German Reunification is a success story, despite many argue it is an unsuccessful one; he says that in the early 1990s, the GDP of East Germany was only about 30 percent to that of West Germany.

There is no example in history that an economy with such low productivity could catch up in 25 years to a really high, a really efficient and effective economy as we have in West Germany.

Those that argue that it is an unsuccessful one, they argue it being an unsuccessful one because it is estimated that more than 2 million East Germans had moved to West Germany in the years following the German Reunification. Michael Christopher Burda (commonly known as Michael Burda, or even as Michael C. Burda; born on Saturday, 4 April, 1959), an American macroeconomist and labour economics professor at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (German for Humboldt University of Berlin), founded in the year 1810 as the Universität zu Berlin (German for University of Berlin), known from the year 1828 as the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (German for Frederick William University), and later, but unofficially, known after its location as the Universität unter den Linden (German for Unter den Linden University. Note that the translation for Unter den Linden literally means Under the Linden Trees):

They were under duress in the 1990s. Young people had to get jobs so they left; they just went to the West. But a lot of those guys have thought about coming back.

It is also estimated that the salaries in East Germany are about 20 per cent lower than in West Germany.

In the year 2013, Chris Austin Hadfield (commonly known as Chris Hadfield; born on Saturday, 29 August, 1959), who was the first Canadian to walk in space and is now a retired Canadian astronaut, once posted a tweet in his Twitter account that when he went to space for first time, he saw with his own eyes how the city of Berlin was divided. The lights in East Germany are still old and powered by gas and the lights in West Germany are still electric.

There are even more estimates that sate that 1 in 3 people was an informant working for an official state security service of East Germany that was one of the most effective and repressive intelligence and secret police agencies to ever have existed, the Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, under the German abbreviation as MfS, (German for the Ministry for State Security, German abbreviation for MSS), commonly known under the German abbreviation as Staatssicherheit (German abbreviation for Stasi, literally State Security), also known as Staatssicherheitsdienst, under the German abbreviation as SSD, (German for State Security Service, German abbreviation for SSS). The Stasi informed on neighbours, friends, or even their very own loved ones; it was known as an enormous surveillance machine that included a spy network. The Stasi agents intercepted and read 90,000 letters a day; their contents often used or manipulated to put someone in jail.

Reinhard Weißhuhn (born on Wednesday, 4 April, 1951) was living under the Stasi surveillance for 15 years due to having been a representative of the civil rights movement in East Germany; he was lucky enough to avoid arrest due to what he believes having strong ties to journalists in West Germany.

They had bugs in the telephone, they had bugs in the apartment, they had people on the street … everything you could imagine.

Cliewe Juritza (born in 1966) was an erstwhile East German political prisoner who was serving a 1 year jail term at the Gedenkstätte Berlin-Hohenschönhausen (German for Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial); he spent a year in that prison after he was captured trying to reach West Germany, in the year 1984; he is now a private German tour guide who offers private guided tours in well-known and unknown places of Berlin and Potsdam and who offers non-private guided tours at the Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial, where he shares his personal political prisoner and Kalter Krieg (German for Cold War) stories; he knowns all too well the Stasi by stating that:

If you look outside of the prison, the large building … this was a factory of the Stasi. The production of the gadgets of espionage or observation. Altogether, there were 91,000 [State Security] employees … and 2,500 were working here.

People who have visited the Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial have stated that there were more than 100 interrogation rooms along the prison’s dim-lit halls, sinister by dint of their blandness: a desk, a table, a chair, and a phone.

Potsdamer Platz (German for Potsdam Square) is today the busiest neighbourhood in Berlin; it is hard to imagine that the Potsdamer Platz was the death strip a quarter century ago. One would be killed by dogs, who were released by the guards, for either intruding or being a would-be escapee, There were mines there, snipers, and other gunmen, because the Potsdamer Platz was the outer wall. Where the middle of the intersection of the Potsdamer Platz is located today, was a second inner wall. When one looks at the difference between the busyness of today and what it was back then, one will see that it is just so stark. When one speaks of a death strip, the only place in modern Berlin that still remains is in the Potsdamer Platz. The outer wall, the inner wall, and the no-man’s land in-between. It was places like the Potsdamer Platz that so many people did escape or tried to escape – so many dying in the process between 1961 and 1989.

Very close to the Potsdamer Platz, just a block down, was where Hans Conrad Schumann (commonly known as Conrad Schumann; born on Saturday, 8 March, 1942; died on Saturday, 20 June, 1998), who was an East German solider serving under the Nationale Volksarmee, abbreviated as the NVA (German for the National People’s Army, abbreviated as NPA),

Very close to the Potsdamer Platz, just a block down, was where Hans Conrad Schumann (commonly known as Conrad Schumann; born on Saturday, 8 March, 1942; died on Saturday, 26 June, 1998), who was an East German solider serving under the Nationale Volksarmee, abbreviated as the NVA (German for the National People’s Army, abbreviated as NPA), but was enlisted in the East German Volkspolizei-Bereitschaften, abbreviated as the VPB (German for Standby, or Alert People’s Police), became the very person to successfully escape from East Germany to West Germany on Tuesday, 15 August, 1961, during day three of the construction of the Berlin Wall, as the wall was simply a low-barbed fence during the time of his escape; he made his escape after West Germans across from him from the other side shouted to him, “Komm’ rüber!” (German for “Come over!”), where there was a West Berlin police car that had pulled up waiting for him and promptly drove him away from the scene.

Sculptors Florian and Michael Brauer and Edward Anders made a sculpture in honour of the late Conrad Schumann, giving the name of the sculpture Mauerspringer (German for Walljumper). The sculpture was once located close to the site of his escape, before it was moved to its current location at the side of a building on Brunnenstraße, several metres south of Bernauer Straße.

Other than Conrad Schumann, around 5,000 people successfully escaped from East Germany to West Germany. Albeit around 5,000 successfully escaped, it is reported that many other would-be escapees were unsuccessful in escaping after they were killed trying to escape. The number of would-be escapees killed has been disputed, with numbers figuring in at well above 200, another at 136, and an another at 98, The official figures listed at 98 is claimed by prior sources, the 136 confirmed deaths is claimed by the Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung, abbreviated as ZZF (German for the Center for Contemporary Historical Research), whilst the well above 200 figure is vocally claimed by Alexandra Hildebrandt (born as Alexandra Weissmann on Friday, 23 February, 1959), who became the co-founder and current Director of the Mauermuseum – Museum Haus am Checkpoint Charlie, or Haus am Checkpoint Charlie Mauermuseum (German for Checkpoint Charlie Museum) after the death of her late husband Rainer Hildebrandt (born on Monday, 14 December, 1914; died on Friday, 9 January, 2004).

On the same day of Conrad Schumann’s escape, Peter Leibing (born in 1941; died on Sunday, 2 November, 2008), a German photographer working for the Hamburg picture agency Contiepress at the time, happened to capture a photograph of Conrad Schumann’s escape after he was tipped by the Berlin police that Conrad Schumann, who was only referred to the Berlin police as the East German Border Guard, might become the very first person to successfully escape from East Germany to West Germany.

Today, Peter Leibing’s photo has become a well-known image not just inside the world of photography,

Today, Peter Lebing’s photo has become a well-known image not just inside the world of photography, but also outside the world of photography, such as the Cold War, so much so that the Overseas Press Club (officially known as the Overseas Press Club of America, abbreviated as OPC), awarded Peter Leibing’s photo the Overseas Press Club Best Photograph award for the year 1961, whilst UNESCO (acronymic for the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) inducted Peter Leibing’s photo into the UNESCO Memory of the World programme, in May of 2011, as part of a collection of documents on the fall of the Berlin Wall.

On Bernauer Straße, there once stood a Gothic Revival Architecture (also referred to as Gothic Revival, Victorian Gothic, Neo-Gothic or Jigsaw Gothic, and as Collegiate Gothic when used for school, college, and university buildings) church named the Kapelle der Versöhnung (German for Chapel of Reconciliation) that sat in-between the two walls.

In 1985, 101 years after the completion of the Gothic Revival church, the inner and outer wall was blown up by East Germany. According to the official justification by the GDR government, it was destroyed in order ‘to increase the security, order and cleanliness on the state border with West Berlin’. The Gothic Revival church had been left to rot in that no-man’s land – being used essentially as a rest place for many guards.

In 1999, the Gothic Revival church was constructed, not in its full completion, under the leadership of the Austrian clay artist Martin Rauch. The Gothic Revival church, now a chapel, was given the same name to its original, but many parts of it were found in the wreckage, many parts found in people’s homes. People had saved it away. It has today formed a part of this chapel.

It was also an historic evening together with unforgettable words from anchorman Hans Joachim Friedrichs of the nightly news program Tagesthemen (stylised as tagesthemen, German for “Issues of the Day”) after proclaiming in German, which his proclamation is translated in English, these exact words:

This is a historic day. East Germany has announced that, starting immediately, its borders are open to everyone. The GDR is opening its borders… the gates in the Berlin Wall stand open.

On Wednesday, 26 June, 1963, 22 months after the erection of the Berlin Wall, the then-President of the United States of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy (commonly known as Jack Kennedy, or JFK, or by his initials as JFK; born on Tuesday, 29 May, 1917; died on Saturday, 22 November, 1963) was on the steps of Rathaus Schöneberg, the city hall for the borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg, in Berlin, had made an historic speech about the Berlin wall by saying these exact words:

Two thousand years ago, the proudest boast was civis romanus sum [“I am a Roman citizen” . Today, in the world of freedom, the proudest boast is “Ich bin ein Berliner!”… All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words “Ich bin ein Berliner!”

Another nightly news program, Tagesthemen (stylised as tagesschau①, German for “Day’s Show”, or loosely “Review of the Day”; a play on the term Wochenschau, the weekly newsreel erstwhile shown in cinemas German for “Issues of the Day”), also aired the historic event and so did Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (German for Second German Television, usually abbreviated as ZDF),

ZDF was the first to air the historic event at approximately 17:17, whilst the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (abbreviated as ARD – Consortium of public broadcasters in Germany) was the second to air the historic event at approximately 20:00.

Websites and Sources

This content of this blogspot post, “Berlin Wall”, is taken from websites that I consider both informative and reliable. The objective of this blogspot post is not to provide information, but to help those informative and reliable websites to be noticed. Some, if not all, of those informative and reliable websites are already noticed, but I still find it best to post their content due to both copyright and educational purposes.

The Berlin Wall
Berlin Wall Memorial
Chronicle of the Wall
A multimedia story of the Berlin Wall (1961 - 1990)
Berlin Wall Online
Berlin Wall
Berlin Wall newsreel archives
Berlin Wall image group
(German) Photos of the Berlin Wall (1962 - 1990)
Berlin Wall
Berlin Wall, 25 years after fall of communism
Berlin Wall: CBC News
Berlin Wall: German reunification ‘a success story’
Berlin Wall: East Germans lived in fear under Stasi surveillance

Friday, 17 October 2014

A Vida e os Tempos de Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin

Em breve em português.

The Life and Times of Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin

Monday, 1 September 2014

World War II

Today, Monday, 1 September, 2014, is a very special and solemn day of reflection, as today marks exactly 75 years of the start of World War II (WWII, or WW2, also known as the Second World War).

Websites and Sources

This content of this blogspot post, “Britain Entered The Great War”, is taken from websites that I consider both informative and reliable. The objective of this blogspot post is not to provide information, but to help those informative and reliable websites to be noticed. Some, if not all, of those informative and reliable websites are already noticed, but I still find it best to post their content due to both copyright and educational purposes.

West Point Maps of the European War
West Point Maps of the Asian-Pacific War
Atlas of the World Battle Fronts (July 1943 to August 1945)

Monday, 4 August 2014

Britain Entered The Great War

Today, Monday, 4 August, 2014, at 23:00 BST (British Summer Time), is a very special and solemn day of reflection, as today marks exactly 100 years (4 years, 3 months, and 8 days) that Britain (then known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, officially known today as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) Entered The Great War (in what is now known as World War 1, or WWI, or WW1) after the German Empire (modern-day Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany) failed to respond to Britain’s ultimatum, which the ultimatum was under the leadership of the then-Prime Minister of Britain, Herbert Asquith (born as Herbert Henry Asquith, also known as H. H. Asquith, later ennobled as 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, which gave him the full name as Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith; born on Sunday, 12 September, 1852; died on Wednesday, 15 February, 1928) and the then-Foreign State Sir Edward Grey, (born as Edward Grey, better known as Sir Edward Grey Baronet (traditional abbreviation Bart, modern abbreviation Bt), later ennobled as Viscount Grey of Fallodon, which gave him the full-name as Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon; born on Friday, 25 April, 1862; died on Thursday, 7 September, 1933). The ultimatum that Britain presented to Germany was for Germany to retreat from Belgium (officially, the Kingdom of Belgium) by midnight of Sunday, 3 August, 1914. If they fail or ignore to do so, then Britain will declare war on Germany in honour of defending the neutrality of Belgium.

Websites and Sources

This content of this blogspot post, “Britain Entered The Great War”, is taken from websites that I consider both informative and reliable. The objective of this blogspot post is not to provide information, but to help those informative and reliable websites to be noticed. Some, if not all, of those informative and reliable websites are already noticed, but I still find it best to post their content due to both copyright and educational purposes.

The Heritage of the Great War / First World War. Graphic color photos, pictures and music
A multimedia history of World War I
The Heritage of the Great War, Netherlands
The World War I Document Archive
Maps of Europe
Your Family History of World War I – Europeana 1914–1918
EFG1914 – Film digitisation project on First World War
WWI Films on the European Film Gateway
World War I British press photograph collection
The British Pathé WW1 Film Archive

Sunday, 3 August 2014

The Great War

Today, Sunday, 3 August, 2014, is a very special and solemn day of reflection, as today marks exactly 100 years (4 years, 3 months, and 7 days) of the start of the The Great War (in what is now known as World War 1, or WWI, or WW1); it is on this date that most, if not all, of The Great War historians declare this date as the official start of The Great War (despite the date of Monday, 28 July, 2014, also marks 100 years of the official start of The Great War) after the German Empire (modern-day Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany) declared war on the French Third Republic (modern-day France, officially the French Republic).

Websites and Sources

This content of this blogspot post, “The Great War”, is taken from websites that I consider both informative and reliable. The objective of this blogspot post is not to provide information, but to help those informative and reliable websites to be noticed. Some, if not all, of those informative and reliable websites are already noticed, but I still find it best to post their content due to both copyright and educational purposes.

The Heritage of the Great War / First World War. Graphic color photos, pictures and music
A multimedia history of World War I
The Heritage of the Great War, Netherlands
The World War I Document Archive
Maps of Europe
Your Family History of World War I – Europeana 1914–1918
EFG1914 – Film digitisation project on First World War
WWI Films on the European Film Gateway
World War I British press photograph collection
The British Pathé WW1 Film Archive

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Saturday, 6 December 2014

“Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer”

Sunday, 9 November 2014

Berlin Wall

Friday, 17 October 2014

A Vida e os Tempos de Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin

The Life and Times of Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin

Monday, 1 September 2014

World War II

Monday, 4 August 2014

Britain Entered The Great War

Sunday, 3 August 2014

The Great War

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